Книга Злой рок. Политика катастроф - Нил Фергюсон
Шрифт:
Интервал:
Закладка:
Вернуться
1197
Marc Andreesen, «It’s Time to Build», Andreesen Horowitz, April 18, 2020, https://a16z.com/2020/04/18/its-timetobuild/; Ezra Klein, «Why We Can’t Build», Vox, April 22, 2020, https://www.vox.com/2020/4/22/21228469/marc-andreessen-build-government-coronavirus; Steven M. Teles, «Kludgeocracy: The American Way of Policy», New America Foundation, December 2012, pp. 1-11, https://static.newamerica.org/attachments/4209-kludgeocracy-the-american-wayofpolicy/Teles_Steven_Kludgeocracy_NAF_Dec2012.d8a805aa40e34bca9e2fecb018a3dcb0.pdf.
Вернуться
1198
Пландемия – рукотворная эпидемия; инфодемия – «эпидемия» ложной информации.
Вернуться
1199
For just one of many examples: Jeff Horwitz and Deepa Seetharaman, «Facebook♦ Executives Shut Down Efforts to Make the Site Less Divisive», Wall Street Journal, May 26, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-knowsitencourages-division-top-executives-nixed-solutions-11590507499.
Вернуться
1200
Я намеревался посвятить этой важнейшей истории 2020 года две главы: в одной раскрывались бы проблемы, выявленные во время выборов 2016 года («Структурные изменения публичной сферы»), а в другой – неспособность законодателей и регулирующих органов достичь к 2020 году хоть каких-то существенных улучшений («Что не было сделано»). Однако из-за нехватки места от этих глав пришлось отказаться. (Прим. авт.)
Вернуться
1201
«Coronavirus: How a Misleading Map Went Global», BBC News, February 19, 2020.
Вернуться
1202
Lena H. Sun, «CDC to Cut by 80 Percent Efforts to Prevent Global Disease Outbreak», Washington Post, February 1, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/toyour-health/wp/2018/02/01/cdctocutby80percent-effortstoprevent-global-disease-outbreak/; Glenn Kessler, «No, Trump Didn’t Shut Down 37 of 47 Global Anti-Pandemic Programs», Washington Post, March 4, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/03/04/notrump-didnt-shut-down3747global-anti-pandemic-programs/.
Вернуться
1203
Leonardo Bursztyn et al., «Misinformation During a Pandemic», Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper No. 2020-044 (June 2020), pp. 1-118, https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wpcontent/uploads/BFI_WP_202044.pdf.
Вернуться
1204
Andrey Simonov et al., «The Persuasive Effect of Fox News: Non-Compliance with Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic», NBER Working Paper No. 27237 (July 2020), pp. 1-70, http://www.nber.org/papers/w27237.
Вернуться
1205
Lijian Zhao (@zlj517), «CDC was caught on the spot», Twitter, March 12, 2020, 8:37 a.m., https://twitter.com/zlj517/status/1238111898828066823.
Вернуться
1206
Steven Lee Myers, «China Spins Tale That the U. S. Army Started the Coronavirus Epidemic», New York Times, March 13, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/world/asia/coronavirus-china-conspiracy-theory.html.
Вернуться
1207
Edward Wong, Matthew Rosenberg, and Julian E. Barnes, «Chinese Agents Helped Spread Messages That Sowed Virus Panic in U. S., Officials Say», New York Times, April 22, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/us/politics/coronavirus-china-disinformation.html.
Вернуться
1208
Virginia Alvino Young, «Nearly Half of the Twitter Accounts Discussing ‘Reopening America’ May Be Bots», Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science, May 20, 2020, https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/nearly-half-twitter-accounts-discussing-reopening-america-maybebots.
Вернуться
1209
«Analysis of June 2020 Twitter Takedowns Linked to China, Russia and Turkey», Stanford Internet Observatory Cyber Policy Center blog, June 11, 2020, https://cyber.fsi.stanford.edu/io/news/june-2020-twitter-takedown#china.
Вернуться
1210
Dominic Kennedy, «British Academics Sharing Coronavirus Conspiracy Theories Online», Times, April 11, 2020, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/british-academics-sharing-coronavirus-conspiracy-theories-online-v8nn99zmv.
Вернуться
1211
Ben Norton (@BenjaminNorton), «@TheGrayzoneNews we published the exposé many people have asked for», Twitter, July 9, 2020, 11:15 a.m., https://twitter.com/BenjaminNorton/status/1281275778316095491; Jeremy Loffredo and Michele Greenstein, «Why the Bill Gates Global Health Empire Promises More Empire and Less Public Health», The Gray Zone, July 8, 2020, https://thegrayzone.com/2020/07/08/bill-gates-global-health-policy/.
Вернуться
1212
Kevin Roose, «Get Ready for a Vaccine Information War», New York Times, June 3, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/13/technology/coronavirus-vaccine-disinformation.html.
Вернуться
1213
Karen Kornbluh, Ellen P. Goodman, and Eli Weiner, «Safeguarding Democracy Against Disinformation», German Marshall Fund of the United States, March 24, 2020, http://www.gmfus.org/publications/safeguarding-democracy-against-disinformation.
Вернуться
1214
Neil F. Johnson et al., «The Online Competition Between Pro-and Anti-Vaccination Views», Nature 582 (May 13, 2020), pp. 230–233, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-22811; Ari Sen and Brandy Zadrozny, «QAnon Groups Have Millions of Members on Facebook♦, Documents Show», NBC News, August 10, 2020, https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/qanon-groups-have-millions-members-facebook-documents-show-n1236317.
Вернуться
1215
«Conspiracies of Corona», Pulsar Platform, https://www.pulsarplatform.com/resources/the-conspiraciesofcorona/.
Вернуться
1216
Horwitz and Seetharaman, «Facebook♦ Executives Shut Down Efforts».
Вернуться
1217
Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Dolores Albarracín, «The Relation Between Media Consumption and Misinformation at the Outset of the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic in the U. S.», Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review 1 (April 20, 2020), pp. 1-22, https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/article/the-relation-between-media-consumption-and-misinformationatthe-outsetofthe-sars-cov2pandemicintheus/.
Вернуться
1218
«On Coronavirus and Conspiracies», Public Policy and the Past (blog), April 17, 2020, http://publicpol icypast.blogspot.com/2020/04/oncoronavirus-and-conspiracies.html. But
